Page 116 - AC/E Digital Culture Annual Report

116ConclusionBibliographyThe purpose of this article is to debunk someof the preconceived ideas people tend to have about games in general and video games in particular. Rather than justify games and their design by relating them to other cultural expres- sions, the intention is to show that games have been a legitimate part of culture for centuries– something that anthropologists and folklorists have been pointing out repeatedly for more than 80 years.The gradual appearance of game design asa discipline, owing rst to commercial board games and subsequently to the emergence of video games, is what is really exerting signi cant in uence both on culture and on how we relate to media content. Video games are contributing to digital literacy, and this in turn is changing our understanding of cultural and canonical forms, which are no longer immovable and monolithic but part of participatory and creative activities, providing new perspectives on traditional artworks and cultural activities, while new technologies encourage the creation of new interactive works.AEVI: Associación Española de Videojuegos. “15 Anuario de La Industria Del Videojuego,” June 2015. http://www.aevi.org.es/web/wp-content/ uploads/2016/06/MEMORIA-ANUAL_2015_AE- VI_-de nitivo.pdf.Alfonso X El Sabio. Libros de los juegos: Adecrex, Dados e Tablas. Ordenamiento de las Taburerías. Madrid: Biblioteca Castro no.163, FundaciónJos Antonio Castro, 2007. Madrid. 23x15. Book cloth with Fabriano Ingres paper jacket. Facsimile edition. Numerous colour plates, 2007.Anonymous. Amadis de Gaula, Los Quatro libros de Amadís de Gaula. por Jacobo Cromberger, 1547.Bartle, Richard. “Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades: Players Who Suit MUDs.” In The Game Design Reader: A Rules of Play Anthology, edited by Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.Bogost, Ian. Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Video games. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.Caillois, Roger. Man, Play and Games. Paperback. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1961.Deci, Edward L., Richard Koestner, and Richard M. Ryan. “A Meta-Analytic Reviewof Experiments Examining the E ects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation.” Psychological Bulletin 125, no. 6 (1999): 627–68. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627.Deterding, Sebastian, Dan Dixon, Rilla Khaled, and Lennart Nacke. “From Game Design Ele- ments to Gamefulness: De ning ‘Gami cation.’” In Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, 9–15. MindTrek ’11. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011. doi:10.1145/2181037.2181040.GAME DESIGN AS A CULTURAL DISSEMINATOR · CLARA FERNÁNDEZ VARASmart culture. Analysis of digital trends